What if you shared your food with others?

By Diane Fresquez, an American food science journalist living in Brussels, and the author of ‘A Taste of Molecules: In Search of the Secrets of Flavour’.
Diane will be chairing the RSB’s event, Come Dine with the Future, in Cardiff on Wednesday 30th November.

From food waste to expanding waistlines, we are experiencing a global food crisis that is too complicated and far-gone for us to ever change. Or is it? Here are some of the facts from the UN:

  • 1.3 billion tonnes of food is wasted every year while almost 1 billion people go undernourished and another 1 billion hungry.
  • Overconsumption of food is detrimental to our health and the environment.
  • Two billion people globally are overweight or obese.
  • Land degradation, declining soil fertility, unsustainable water use, overfishing and marine environment degradation are all lessening the ability of the natural resource base to supply food.
  • The food sector accounts for around 30 per cent of the world’s total energy consumption and accounts for around 22 per cent of total greenhouse gas emissions.

The Hansalim food cooperative, South Korea

Although the situation looks grim, one way to tackle the problem is through food sharing: an emergent, expanding global movement that can conserve resources, cut waste, improve nutrition and strengthen communities. But what exactly is food sharing, and where is it happening?

Share City
 Ireland is a European Research Council-funded project that is assessing the practice and sustainability potential of city-based food sharing economies. The sheer depth and breadth of food sharing around the globe is astonishing, and includes the sharing of everything from food products and meals, to plants and seeds, knowledge and skills, compost and land, kitchen devices and kitchen space. Read more »

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Visit to an animal research facility

By Dr Laura Marshall MRCVS MRSB, science policy manager at the Royal Society of Biology

Kings College London (KCL) invited RSB representatives to its Guy’s Campus recently, for a tour of their animal research facilities. This was one of a series of visits, organised through Understanding Animal Research, to help explain what happens at the facility to visitors of all ages and levels of understanding. The initiative shares the ethos of the Concordat on Openness on Animal Research. This is an agreement signed by 107 UK universities, charities, commercial companies, umbrella bodies and learned societies; pledging their commitment to be open with the public about animal research. Both KCL and the RSB are signatories and in December 2015, KCL won an award in the second year of the scheme.

Our guide was Stephen Woodley, site manager for the Biological Services at Guy’s Campus, which includes three animal research facilities. As the 2016 UK recipient of the AAALAC International Fellowship Award, an experienced Named Animal Care and Welfare Officer (NACWO) and IAT Registered Animal Technologist (RAnTech), Stephen was well placed to provide honest and informed answers to any question we posed. We found the research facilities within the Biological Services buildings to be ordered, clean and calm. The animal care staff, whilst welcoming, were busy, with an air of efficiency and evident pride in doing their work well.

Before entering each facility, we donned fresh personal protective gear (a combination of overshoes, hair net and coat), which equally aimed to protect the animals from any infectious agents carried by us. Read more »

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The fantastic red fox

By Martin Hemmington, National Fox Welfare Society.
Read blogs about the other mammals in the #UKMammalPoll and vote for your Favourite UK Mammal.

A master of adaptability, survivor against the odds, and an animal that divides opinion across the UK: the red fox has now taken over from the gray wolf as being the most widely distributed terrestrial mammal. It can survive and thrive in both town and country and has become a familiar sight for many.

Foxes are not invading our gardens, it is us, with our need for ever more housing, who are actually invading theirs! People never question observations of wild birds or hedgehogs in their gardens, but often ask, ‘What are foxes doing in towns and cities, when they belong in the countryside?’ Others will feed birds and hedgehogs, recognising it may be difficult in certain months for them to secure enough natural food. The opposite is true of the fox, which people are often wary of feeding so as not to encourage return visits or breeding.

However, foxes play a very important role in our towns and cities which we very rarely give them credit for. The red fox is not only our urban street cleaner but also our natural pest controller; eating discarded food that would otherwise attract rats and mice, and predating on both. Read more »

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Beaver ballot: why we should give a dam

By Dr Alan Law, freshwater science researcher, University of Stirling.
Read blogs about the other mammals in the #UKMammalPoll and vote for your Favourite UK Mammal.

Beaver feeding on white water lilies © Philip Price

The Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) has recently been reintroduced on a trial basis to England and Scotland. Yet its future remains on a knife edge. Their new presence has provoked both positive and negative reactions, principally due to their response to a simple environmental cue, the sound of running water. And it is this response that is one of the most remarkable in the animal kingdom.

If you live in freshwaters you need to be able to cope with fluctuating water levels, this is especially true of rivers and streams, where the heights can rise and fall quickly over a few hours. The entrance and exit to a beavers’ bankside home, a lodge created from sticks and mud, must remain underwater so land-based predators (badgers, wolves, bears) cannot enter. The sound of rushing of water stimulates beavers to intertwine stones, sticks, mud and vegetation in the stream, thereby raising and stabilising the water level. Through dam creation beavers now have an element of control of their habitat.  Read more »

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Otter magic

By Pete Cooper, postgraduate student at The University of Exeter.
Read blogs about the other mammals in the #UKMammalPoll and vote for your Favourite UK Mammal.

http://www.rsb.org.uk/images/Otter.jpg

Why are otters so endearing? This may seem obvious, what with their ‘cute’ charismatic appeal, prevalence in our culture from Wind in the Willows to Tarka and resemblance to Benedict Cumberbatch. However one can’t describe the public’s love for them as one of familiarity – say, in the way we grow attached to songbirds by feeding them in the garden.

Otters move invisibly through waterways, a rippling shadow trickling through the dark river as we take to bed; unnoticed by those that have likenesses recreated in watercolours on their walls or soft toys in their beds – these people and many more are unlikely to have seen one in the wild. Perhaps that’s part of the appeal – otters are the great enigma in a landscape we think we know; the mystery of their secret lives is one thing that draws us to them. Read more »

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The water vole: can we save ‘Ratty’?

By Merryl Gelling, post-doc researcher at WildCRU and Mammal Society Council member.
Read blogs about the other mammals in the #UKMammalPoll and vote for your Favourite UK Mammal.

There can be no denying that the water vole, although physically fairly small, has the biggest ‘cute’ factor of all our UK mammals.  At first glance they may be confused with the brown rat, but once you look more closely it is impossible not to be won over by the water vole’s appealing face and overly large feet! A distinctive resident of our river banks for hundreds of years, the water vole has been immortalised as ‘Ratty’ from the Wind in the Willows.

Water voles are named to reflect their preferred habitat of river banks swathed in lush riparian vegetation, and also their ability to swim. Each vole inhabits a territory of approximately 70-130m of river bank, where they dig an extensive network of tunnels in which to rest and raise their young. Burrows usually have an underwater entrance to allow a quick escape route from terrestrial predators, and often the distinctive ‘plop’ as an animal jumps into the water is the first indication of their presence. In fact, water voles spend so much of their time at the interface between the banks and the water that their latin name has recently changed from Arvicola terrestris to Arvicola amphibious. Read more »

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Decorating the dolphin: why a marine mammal deserves the crown

Opinion piece by Billy Mills – Biology Week intern at the Royal Society of Biology.
Read blogs about the other mammals in the #UKMammalPoll and vote for your Favourite UK Mammal.

http://www.rsb.org.uk/images/Bottlenose_dolphin1.jpg

While helping create the UK Mammal Poll, I noticed that many people seem to be unaware of the diversity of mammals that live in our seas. Twenty-five species of cetacean (whales, dolphins and porpoises) inhabit the waters in and around the British Isles, as do seven pinniped species (seals). Admittedly these figures include vagrants, but I’m sure you’ll agree that they make impressive reading nonetheless.

The bottlenose dolphin was chosen to fly the flag for this group of mammals, and what a fantastic standard bearer it is. These creatures encompass nearly everything that there is to love about marine mammals. They have torpedo-shaped bodies that allow them to move quickly and gracefully though the water. They are also curious and playful by nature. Famously friendly to humans, bottlenose dolphins are frequently receptive to physical contact with divers and are often observed riding the bow waves of ships. Read more »

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Securing the future of Scottish Wildcats

By Vicky Burns, Scottish Wildcat Action
Read blogs about the other mammals in the #UKMammalPoll and vote for your Favourite UK Mammal.

Scottish wildcats are now critically endangered. Once a common sight throughout Britain, hunting, habitat loss and, more recently, introgressive hybridisation means there are now less than 300 left in the wild. The biggest threat is mating with our domestic cats, particularly feral cats living in the wild.

Scottish Wildcat Action launched in 2015 and unites over 20 partner organisations in the biggest ever project to save the species.

Dr Roo Campbell (below) has spent most of the last five years studying wildcats in the Scottish Highlands. He is responsible for a team of wildcat officers who carry out conservation work on the ground across several priority areas in Scotland: Morvern, Strathpeffer, Strathbogie, Strathavon, Northern Strathspey and the Angus Glens. Read more »

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Favourite UK Mammal – the ones that got away

Opinion piece by Fiona Mathews, Chair of the Mammal Society, and associate professor in mammalian biology at the University of Exeter.

The poll for the Favourite UK Mammal has a shortlist of just 10 species. Yet there are about 64 land mammals (including bats) in the UK, and another 37 marine species found in our waters. I say ‘about’ because the precise number depends on whether we include species that are not known to breed here; whether we include feral, but formerly domesticated, animals such as wild goats; and whether we include animals such as the beaver that have only recently been reintroduced. Clearly a list of 101 would have been overwhelming, but here are four of my own favourites that didn’t make the poll.

Bats are some of our most difficult animals to study, often being glimpsed only for a second in the failing light at dusk. Like hundreds of other volunteers, I spend a lot of my spare time monitoring them: their fascinating habits, and the very fact that we know so little about them, have kept me hooked for more than 20 years. Although there are 17 resident bat species – and I would happily write about any of them – I will tell you about just the Grey long-eared. Whilst its cousin, the Brown long-eared is common in lofts, barns and trees across the UK, there are only seven known colonies of Grey long-eared bats, all of them close to the coast in Southern England. Read more »

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